Microsoft Trading forecasts and signals

The British regulator has launched an investigation into the dominance of technology titans Amazon, Microsoft and Google in the field of cloud services. The watchdog will assess how well the market is performing and will also examine barriers to new entrants in the sector.According to Ofcom, Amazon Web Service (AWS), Microsoft Azure and Google, called "hyperscalers" because of the size of the data centers used to process and store data, share about 81 percent of revenue in the U.K. cloud market.The investigation, which will last up to 12 months, seeks to "ensure that digital communication markets work well for people and businesses in the U.K.," the regulator said in a statement. It will work closely with the Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) and intends to consult on interim findings and publish a final report within a year.If competition is found to be disturbed and that companies and consumers are affected, Ofcom can take enforcement action, recommend regulatory or policy changes to the government, or refer the matter to the CMA for further investigation.Ofcom also plans to launch a broader investigation into messaging services and devices for accessing audio-visual content, including WhatsApp, FaceTime and Zoom, to see how they affect traditional telecommunications services such as calls and messages.The use of cloud services has increased dramatically in recent years. In 2018, less than 10 percent of all global enterprise IT spending was on public cloud services, but that figure rose to 17 percent last year as more people worked from home due to the pandemic. According to Ofcom, some experts expect that amount to reach 45% of enterprise IT spending by ...

The U.K. plans to launch a thorough antitrust review (MSFT) and (ATVI). The Competition and Markets Authority has asked Microsoft to make concessions: to give competitors access to Activision Blizzard's most popular games. But the company refused.Recall that at the beginning of the year Microsoft announced plans to buy Activision Blizzard for $95 per share. Now the securities of the video game maker are trading at $76.55. That is, in theory, an increase of 25% is possible.Are the regulator's actions justified? Analysts believe that the British antitrust regulator's crackdown on Microsoft is justified. If Microsoft eats Activision, there will be less competition in three segments: gaming consoles, cloud gaming and subscription services.Especially since there's already an example. Last year, Microsoft acquired Bethesda Studios. Now this studio's releases have been canceled by its competitors. If history repeats itself with Activision, releases of its popular franchises on Sony game consoles could be canceled. Microsoft will dominate the market.How would the companies' stocks react? It's not certain that the British regulator's ban will definitely cancel the takeover, but the likelihood of a deal being derailed is increasing.For Activision stock, nothing will change globally if the deal happens or is canceled. It will have a much bigger impact on (SONY) stock, which could fall 7-9% if the purchase is approved. For Microsoft, the purchase of Activision will be seen as a positive 3-4% growth in shares. The company will get exclusive rights to game franchises, which will lead to an increase in sales of technology giant Bill ...

The CEO of drone developer Aurora Innovation Inc, Chris Urmson, sees several options for dealing with tough market conditions, including a possible sale to Apple or Microsoft, Bloomberg News reported.Many electric car and drone startups, which easily raised money during the stock market recovery, are now struggling to get their projects off the ground.In 2020, it was revealed that Apple was moving forward with its unmanned car technology and was aiming for 2024 to launch a passenger car that could include its own revolutionary battery technology. Microsoft, on the other hand, has invested in San Francisco-based unmanned car maker Cruise, which is valued at $30 billion and General Motors Co (NYSE: GM) is a majority shareholder.Urmson has also proposed other measures, including cutting costs, privatizing the company and spinning off or selling assets. Earlier, Aurora said it would delay delivery of its scalable autonomous trucks by a year, until the first half of 2024, citing supply constraints.Shares of Aurora rose 15.17% to $2.43 a share in NASDAQ trading on Sept. 2, and added another 2.47% ($2.49) on the ...

Australia's regulator has sent letters to Meta Platforms, Apple and Microsoft demanding they share their strategies for eradicating child abuse material on their platforms or face fines.The Electronic Security Commissioner, a body created to protect Internet users, said it is relying on laws that went into effect in January to force the tech giants to disclose the steps they are taking to detect and remove abusive material within 28 days. If they fail to do so, each company faces a fine of A$555,000 ($383,000) per day.The threat underscores Australia's tough approach to regulating big tech companies since 2021, which so far has included laws requiring them to pay the media to show their content and laws requiring them to turn over data from anonymous accounts that publish defamatory ...

Microsoft will develop and offer an ad-supported subscription for Netflix, which will cost less than other streaming options of the streaming service. According to Chief operating Officer Greg Peters, Netflix chose Microsoft because of its ability to innovate, as well as because of reliable privacy protection. Microsoft is expected to boost Netflix ad sales.The other day it became known that the streaming service is negotiating with the largest film studios to amend the terms of agreements that would allow the company to broadcast content in a new version of the platform, involving advertising support. This initiative is associated with a slowdown in subscriber growth, which forced the company to look for new ways to attract subscribers and new sources of income.Thus, Netflix will join a number of its competitors that already offer ad-supported services, for example, Walt Disney Co's Hulu, NBCUniversal's Peacock and Warner Brothers Discovery's HBO Max. Disney is also planning to introduce a version of Disney+ with ads.Against the background of this news, the quotes of both giants could have risen noticeably, if not for the general negative background. The US stock market ended yesterday's trading with a fall due to an increase in inflation to 9.1% in annual terms. The recovery of the market in the near future remains a big question.Netflix shares rose by 1.21% on July 13, to $176.56 per paper. Microsoft shares fell by 0.37% to $252.72 per ...

The UK antitrust authority has launched an investigation into Microsoft's alleged acquisition of video game publisher Activision Blizzard. In a statement, the UK Competition and Markets Authority said that the investigation will consider whether the transaction could harm competition, for example, as a result of price increases, deterioration in quality or limited choice.The initial conclusion of the transaction must be made before September 1. The regulator is also waiting for feedback from interested third parties, and the consultations will last until July 20.A Microsoft representative said that the company is ready to cooperate in the investigation, and hopes that the deal will be closed in fiscal year 2023, as originally expected.The conclusion of the deal can bring Microsoft to the sole leaders of the gaming segment and help compete in the creation of metaverses. In our opinion, this news should not affect the company's stock quotes until at least an initial decision is made.Earlier, the US Federal Trade Commission requested additional data from Activision Blizzard Inc and Microsoft Corp as part of an antitrust review of their transaction. According to experts, this is quite a logical and expected decision when it comes to such a large merger.Microsoft in January announced the acquisition of game manufacturer Activision Blizzard for $68.7 billion, which was the largest deal in the history of the video game industry. Activision has lucrative franchises in its portfolio, including Call of Duty, Candy Crush and ...

The largest technology companies Meta, Microsoft, Epic Games and others have formed a group to standardize metaverse technologies. The so-called Metaverse Standards Forum is designed to strengthen open, interoperable standards for augmented and virtual reality systems and 3D technologies.Among the members of the group are many of the largest companies working in this field: from chip manufacturers to gaming companies, as well as reputable organizations that set standards, such as the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C).At the moment, it is difficult to imagine how the worlds of the metaverses can be combined with each other, but if companies succeed, they will receive additional investment volumes, which means that the shares of companies will receive a new driver for growth. However, such giants and pioneers as Roblox, The Sandbox, Decentraland, and Apple were absent from this forum, so at the moment we are skeptical about the formation of the ...

Microsoft has acquired Miburo, a company that specializes in detecting and responding to cybersecurity threats emanating from foreign countries. In a press release, Microsoft said that the deal was concluded in order to help the public and private sector find long-term solutions that will stop foreign adversaries. The financial terms of the transaction were not disclosed.In the last few years, cybersecurity has become the most important area of development for most large companies, its relevance has grown significantly during the Covid-19 pandemic.Today, the cybersecurity market is still quite young, relative to its other segments, so it has a huge potential for development. It is not surprising that such a giant as Microsoft is working in this direction and is buying a cybersecurity analysis and research company, since against the background of these studies, cybercrime protection systems will also ...

Apple CEO Tim Cook said that the word "meta-universe" is still misunderstood by the vast majority of people in the world. That's why Apple is trying to avoid the term. The company has mentioned it once. But Meta (recognized as an extremist organization) has used the word "meta-universe" 36 times in its reports this year.And before, Apple was not afraid to set trends and create demand where there was none. Apparently, Meta, which is not afraid to use new words, will now be in charge. Moreover, metaworld is not just an abstract term, but quite specific tasks and solutions (VR-helmets, 3D-graphics, software and so on), on which many companies work.Roblox Metawell (NYSE: RBLX)This is a publicly traded company whose meta-villain is already built and popular today, while others have it only as plans for the future. A share of the company is worth $38 -- nearly five times cheaper than it was at the peak of market hype (November 2021). Last year we underestimated the enthusiasm of the market by half - the price soared to $141. Accordingly, this value over a 3-5 year horizon reflects the potential value of the stock. Analysts emphasize the opportunity offered to users: they can build their own games and applications with the help of an internal constructor. Anyone can work with the platform thanks to a simple interface and flexible functionality.Investing in meta-universes through Unity Software (NYSE: U)Developer of a 3D video game engine. The company's stock is now worth $36.6 - six times cheaper than its peak value (also reached in November 2021), and even cheaper than the low end of its IPO range ($44). At the same time, the company's revenues are twice as high as the 2019 IPO it reported.Microsoft Metasites (NASDAQ: MSFT)Last year generated $198 billion in revenue and $72 billion in profit. With a capitalization of $1.8 trillion, it is the largest and most resilient maker of software, hardware game software and games. As this company's history shows, if it doesn't manage to become a leading player in its target market right away, it still takes a significant share of it over time.Investing in Meta (NASDAQ: META)Zuckerberg is serious and plans to create his own meta universe using all available resources. He's got the makings for it: 3 billion monthly active social media users, ownership of Oculus, the company that makes VR helmets, and enough cash flow to service it all. But so far, the reality lab division (those meta universes) has spent $10 billion on revenues of only $2.3 ...

Investing in CFDs on shares of well-known companies of the worldCFD is an abbreviation of Contract For Difference. CFD is a financial instrument that allows you to speculate on the difference in the prices of the main asset, which are shares or any other instruments.When trading CFDs, the security or precious metal itself is not purchased. That is, the trader does not receive a part of the company or a physical unit of the precious metal for management. On the one hand, this is a minus. However, a pleasant surprise of CFD trading may be that the trader does not have additional obligations in connection with the ownership of the stock.The opportunities for both buying and selling also apply to CFDs. For example, to make money on the fall in the price of the main asset, a CFD contract is sold.What stocks have become available for trading?Recall that the work is carried out not by the securities themselves, but by contracts for the difference in their prices.Margin leverage and other conditions for trading with CFDsTrading contracts for difference is marginal in nature. This means that a trader can trade CFDs with volumes several times higher than his margin collateral.Read more: What is a Leverage in ForexCommissions and spreads are also characteristic of CFDs. The spread is a natural market phenomenon, namely the distance between the nearest prices of buyers and sellers. Every trader who has ever traded currency instruments or already existing ones on the CFD platform is well familiar with spreads.The transfer of an open position to the next day also entails the write-off or accrual of swaps. The swap table can be found on this page.Time of trading CFDs on sharesSince real shares are traded on physical exchanges, their trading time is limited by the working time of the exchange. This means that, for example, when trading CFDs on Google shares, you need to focus on the working hours of the NASDAQ exchange.Shares of other IT companies - Apple, Microsoft - are also listed on NASDAQ. But IBM is already trading on the New York Stock Exchange - NYSE, which is open from 9.30 to 16.00 local time. NASDAQ also operates during these hours.It is important to remember that exchanges are closed and opened every working day. This means that there is a high probability of gaps - 5 times a week. To prepare in advance for possible price gaps, it is worth following the release of economic news.Read more: What is the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE)Dynamics of stock pricesA new tool in a trader's portfolio is always a good thing, because stocks, for example, show a different price dynamics than currency pairs. The new price dynamics makes it possible to apply other trading strategies.Read more: How to invest in stocks and what you need to knowAs for the time horizons of trading, CFD speculation can be performed on both weekly and minute timeframes, and everything in between. CFD per share is the same instrument, in terms of trading opportunities, as a currency pair. Therefore, both short-term trading and long-term being "in the stock" are possible.The stock market differs from the foreign exchange market by a smaller volume, but a large variety of instruments, as well as by centralization. An important feature of the stock market is that companies whose shares are traded on stock exchanges are grouped into sectors, for example: banking, IT, automotive, oil production, etc. This division into sectors directly determines the trading strategies applied to stocks. For example, some popular strategies involve multidirectional trading in shares of one sector to insure against risks across the sector, or multidirectional trading in different sectors to insure against risks across the market as a whole.Read more: The main components of a Trading StrategyStock chart analysisFor the first time, technical analysis was widely used in stock markets. Then, with the advent of the Forex market, he continued his development on currencies that were more popular among traders for technical reasons.Trading algorithms and Stock marketsFor advanced traders who have a deep understanding of manual trading on other instruments, the appearance of CFDs means new niches for their robot trading algorithms.Read more: Trading robots on the stock ...

The S&P500 index is one of the main and most popular stock barometers of the American market. It can be used to objectively judge what dynamics are developing in the market as a whole, whether the majority of American stocks are declining or vice versa, the market as a whole is growing. This is the main function of the stock index - to demonstrate the overall dynamics of the entire market at once. Moreover, according to the dynamics of the index, which includes almost all sectors of the country's economy, it is possible to judge the overall economic growth and development of the country's economy.The beginning of the calculation of the S&P500 index was laid back in 1957, when the analytical agency Standard and Poor's for the first time began to maintain lists for stocks that formed the basis of the index. From the same period, the official calculation and publication of the index as an exchange barometer of the American market begins.The main ideology of creating the S&P500 index was to make a broad market index that covers all key sectors of the economy and represents them as representatively as possible by the best and largest companies. At that time, the Dow Jones Industrial Average Index was the most popular, but it reflected only the dynamics of the largest companies in the industrial sector, there were separate sectoral indices, but there was no large-scale broad market index for the largest companies in the country.The S&P500 index is the estimated value of a virtual basket of shares of the 500 largest American companies from various sectors of the economy. These are the largest companies by capitalization. The capitalization of all companies included in the S&P500 index, which is essentially the capitalization of the index itself, exceeds $23.16 trillion. This is about 70% of the capitalization of the entire US stock market.However, at the moment, due to the rapid development of financial markets, stock indexes are something more than just market barometers. First of all, this concerns the S&P500 stock index, and in order to understand what the stock index really is now, we will consider with you a few key points about the S&P500 index:Characteristics of the S&P500 indexTypes of the S&P500 indexThe composition of the S&P500 indexStructure of the S&P500 indexCalculation of the S&P500 indexRebalancing the S&P500 indexHow to invest in the S&P500 indexConclusionCharacteristics of the S&P500 indexAs already mentioned, the S&P500 index includes the TOP 500 largest companies by capitalization from various sectors of the economy. But in fact, at the moment the index includes 505 companies and the index is not a static basket of stocks. Its composition and structure are regularly reviewed, companies can be excluded from the index, new ones are added, the weight of a particular company changes. The S&P500 index has quarterly rebalances in March, June, September and December.Read more: How to invest in stocks and what you need to knowThe index is calculated using the weighted average method, and the free-float of companies acts as a weighting factor in the index, that is, the share of their shares in free circulation.The S&P500 index is calculated in several currencies on various exchange platforms. So, in addition to US dollars, the index is also calculated in Australian and Canadian dollars, in Hong Kong dollars, francs, euros, pounds, yen, Singapore dollars, as well as in Brazilian reals and Mexican pesos.Types of the S&P 500 indexThere are also as many as three forms of calculating the S&P500 index. The main index is calculated exclusively based on the price values of the shares included in it, this is an index with the stock ticker SPX, but there are also other calculation options taking into account the capitalization of the dividends of the companies included in the index (ticker SPXT) and the net price and dividend yield of the index, net of taxes (ticker SPTR500N).For clarity of comparison, we can see what kind of profitability all three types of index calculation showed every year since 2008. Total returns is the total return of the index, the price increase plus the company's dividends. Price returns is only the return due to price growth and Net total returns is the total return of the index, both price and dividend, net of taxes.The composition of the S&P500 indexAs already noted, the S&P500 index includes the largest companies by market capitalization, but in the index itself they are still "weighted" by the free-float indicator. Thus, the largest share in the weight of the index is not necessarily occupied by the company No. 1 in terms of market capitalization.At the moment, the company that has the largest weight in the S&P 500 index is Apple (AAPL). The weight of the Epl in the index structure is slightly more than 4%. In general, the first TOP ten companies of the index make up 21.2% of the weight of the entire index.The list of the largest companies, in terms of weight in the index, is as follows:The first places are occupied by Apple (AAPL), Microsoft (MSFT) and Amazon (AMZN), and the world-famous company Johnson and Johnson (JNJ) closes the top ten.Structure of the S&P500 indexRead more: Dow Theory: Six basic principles of Technical analysisIn terms of the composition of the index, the S&P500 index represents all the leading sectors of the US economy:The largest sector in the index is the information technology sector, due to such giants in the index as Google (GOOGL), Apple (AAPL) and Microsoft (MSFT). The second largest sector is the healthcare sector and the third is the financial sector. The lowest weight in the index is occupied by the telecommunications sector, the metallurgy and mining sector, as well as the real estate sector.Calculation of the S&P500 indexBelow we will look at the basic principles of calculating the index. As we have already noted, the S&P500 index differs from many other indices in that the weighting factor for calculating the index is not just the market capitalization of the company, but the capitalization of the free-float, that is, the share of shares that is in free circulation.The free-float indicator for companies can change quite often, therefore, in order to accurately follow the calculation principles, the index needs periodic rebalancing, which, according to the plan, take place once a quarter.In addition, there are separate criteria by which companies, in principle, get into the index, and if they no longer meet these criteria, they are excluded and new ones come to replace them.Rebalancing the S&P500 indexThe company itself, the index operator S&P Dow Jones Indices in its monthly monitoring report on the index defines the following criteria for entering the S&P500 index:criteria for entering the S&P500 indexAll companies in the index must be registered in the United States.The company's market capitalization should be at least $6.1 billion.The number of issued shares in free circulation of the company must be at least 50%.Companies included in the index must be successful and profitable. In particular, a mandatory criterion is that the company must have a profit from operating activities over the past 4 quarters.The index includes only liquid ordinary shares of the company, for which there are high trading turnover and which have a sufficient market trading history.When a company is included in the index, the industry factor is taken into account. In order for the index to be representative and serve not only as a purely exchange barometer, but also reflect the real economic situation, the industries in the index have approximately the same weight as the structure of the real US economy. And this is also guided by the index committee when including new securities in the index.New companies that meet the criteria for inclusion in the index cannot endlessly replenish it, so many companies that largely cease to meet at least one of the described criteria for inclusion in the index are excluded from it. So for the last more than 75 years of the index's existence, more than 1000 companies have been excluded from it. That is, in fact, during this period, the index made two asset turns, and the average period of a company's stay in the index is about 30 years. However, of course, there are many such companies in the index that have been in it since its formation.Based on these criteria, we understand that the companies that are part of the S&P500 index are among the best companies according to key criteria for investors. This is the scale of the company, its profitability, a high free-float, which in fact means low dependence on manipulation and large shareholders, as well as high liquidity of the company's shares. Thus, we see that the S&P500 index was created with the goals of practical investment application.As a result, the index is not a static basket of stocks, but in fact, due to the selection criteria, the process of managed, but long-term investment is carried out in it. That is, this index is a kind of fund with low management activity. However, this leads to the fact that the index actually demonstrates very high and, most importantly, stable results in terms of profitability for long periods of time. That is why 85% of all actively managed funds and managers of trust management strategies cannot beat the S&P500 index in terms of profitability for a long period of time, over 5 years. And only 15% manage to do it.From all this, we can conclude that the S&P500 index itself is an attractive and interesting investment object. Therefore, in the next part of our article, we will look at how you can invest directly in the S&P500 index.How to invest in the S&P500 indexSince the S&P500 index is a purely settlement basket of securities, in fact, it is impossible to purchase the index itself on the exchange. Knowing the composition and structure of the index, you can duplicate it, but due to the number of securities and weight coefficients, in order to duplicate the S&P500 index, you will need an amount of more than a million dollars. This is certainly not suitable for all investors, and moreover, it will be difficult and very time-consuming work, in a constantly changing market, to form a portfolio of 500 securities and at the same time accurately maintain the share of each paper relative to the entire portfolio.Therefore, a number of special tools have been created for investing in the index. Most of them allow you to deal with the stock index in the same way as with a stock, you can buy and sell it literally in two clicks in the exchange terminal.Below we provide a complete list of all available tools for investing in the S&P500 index, and then we will analyze each class of tools separately in detail.List of available tools for investing in the S&P500 index:ETFs for the S&P 500 indexETN on the S&P 500 indexS&P 500 Futures and OptionsNext, we will consider each class of tools in more detail.Read more: What are futures: types, features, advantages and risksETFs for the S&P 500 indexAn ETF is a traded exchange-traded fund, an ETF is bought on an index, like a regular stock (we wrote more about ETFs in this article). This is the most affordable and most popular way to invest in the index. ETFs on the index can be from different ETF operators and can be of different types. ETFs that pay dividends and clearly repeat the price movements of the index and ETFs that reinvest dividends and essentially repeat the S&P500 index with the ticker SPXT are an index that is calculated taking into account dividends.ETFs for the S&P 500 indexIn any case, the main feature of an ETF is that its task is to track the index values as accurately as possible and this is a way of investing that almost directly brings the investor closer to the same way as completely duplicating the index with a basket of securities. Moreover, there is almost a real duplication of the index, since the ETF operator management company physically buys shares in the necessary proportions and constantly monitors and balances the portfolio so that it corresponds to the index value as accurately as possible. And the ETF itself is only a tradable part of a global fund of securities with an index structure. In practice, the discrepancy between the values of the index itself and the ETF of the traded ETF for it is only a few points.ETFs for the S&P500 index are traded on various major global platforms in America, Europe and Asia. The largest and most famous platform where ETFs are traded is the NYSE Arca section of the New York Stock Exchange. By the way, the most liquid instrument in the world with the highest trading turnover is currently traded there – this is the SPDR SP 500 ETF Trust (ticker SPY).Read more: What is the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE)ETN on the S&P 500 indexETN (Exchange trade notes) – a traded exchange note. This is a very young financial instrument that has not yet received such a wide distribution as an ETF. From an external point of view, if we compare ETFs and ETNs for the S&P500 index, they are almost 100% identical, but by their nature and form of education they are fundamentally different tools.ETN is a note, which means that it is a debt instrument, similar in nature to bonds. ETN is issued by banks and, in essence, it is a debt obligation of the bank to repay at the end of the note's circulation period an amount equal to or equivalent to the value of the S&P500 index.From the point of view of investors in the index in the case of ETN, the main thing is to understand the main features of investing in this tool:ETNs will 100% accurately repeat the dynamics of the S&P500 index, since it is not based on real assets that require rebalancing and adjustments – this is the bank's debt obligation, which is calculated exactly with the value of the S&P500 index;The difference in risks. If an ETF operator leaves the market, then this practically does not carry a significant risk for investors, since any ETF is based on a real basket of securities, which will then be sold and paid out to participants in proportions. Investing in an ETN is taking on the risk of the financial condition of the bank, which may default on an ETN exactly the same as on a bond. At the same time, as a reward, the bank is paid a significantly higher commission for managing the fund than in the case of ETFs.ETNs have their own maturity and are redeemed in the same way as a bond.ETNs are gaining significant popularity in the investment community and are also traded on leading exchange platforms. The main platform where ETNs are traded on the S&P500 index is the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange (TASE).S&P 500 Futures and OptionsThese tools also provide an opportunity to access the purchase of the S&P500, but these tools are still used more by speculative players than by investors due to their nature and calculation properties. We can also say that such instruments carry increased risks of investing in the S&P500 in the form of the emerging leverage effect and require special skills from the investor to correctly and safely invest in the index.S&P 500 Futures and OptionsFutures and options on the S&P500 index are traded on special exchanges - the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME - Chicago Mercantile Exchange) and the Chicago Options Exchange (CBOE - Chicago Board Options Exchange).Read more: Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME): history, structure, advantages and featuresConclusionIf it did not seem simple and attractive to invest in indices in general and in particular in the S&P500 index, it is still worth considering that, firstly, this is primarily a very long-term investment, and secondly, despite the rather strict selection criteria, the turnover of assets in indices is always quite low, it is low in particular in the S&P500 index, which means in practice for an investor investing essentially in a wide market, with all the disadvantages, as well as entire industries and individual companies. Along with the best and most top companies, investors are simply forced to invest in less attractive companies in addition. In this regard, at most market phases, it is a point, selective investment in a portfolio of carefully selected securities that is more effective than a continuous purchase of the entire market.We are supporters, in most cases, of a point-based approach to investing, when it is necessary to form a diversified, but as selective as possible portfolio of ...