Today, few people have not heard about cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology due to the activity of the media and social networks. The CoinMarketCap rating is regularly updated with new coins.However, investors need to remember one important point when compiling a portfolio. Despite the fact that 2212 coins have been added to CoinMarketCap at the moment, only the TOP 5 cryptocurrencies account for about 95% of the total capitalization, while the rest account for no more than 5%. That is why coins from the TOP 5 should make up a large part of the investment portfolio.Litecoin (LTC)Binance Coin (BNB)Tether (USDT)Stellar (XLM)Cardano (ADA)Litecoin (LTC)The Litecoin cryptocurrency is one of the oldest coins, which originated in 2011 as a fork of bitcoin. The founder is a well-known person in the crypto world named Charlie Lee. Like bitcoin, Litecoin provided a peer-to-peer environment for making direct payments. From the very beginning, the cryptocurrency was called "digital silver", again, by analogy with Bitcoin. In the first years of its existence, the Litecoin code was practically no different from Bitcoin, except that the SHA-256 encryption algorithm was replaced by Scrypt, which at first allowed the cryptocurrency to be "asic-resistant", and miners to use central and graphics processors to participate in mining. The issue was also increased fourfold (up to 84 million LTC) and the time for creating a new block was reduced (up to 2.5 minutes). This made it possible to make the Litecoin blockchain faster.Read more: What is SHA-256However, over the past few days, Litecoin has increasingly deviated from the original code due to the introduction of new technologies and improvements:Lightning Network to improve the scalability of the network and increase the speed of payments;SegWit, which increased the block size and reduced the transaction delivery time;Atomic swaps with three cryptocurrencies at once Decred( DCR), Vertcoin (VTC) and Bitcoin (BTC). In addition, the developers have expanded the capabilities by adding a hashed contract function.Despite the fact that Litecoin does not represent any radically new technologies, the cryptocurrency is already used on many platforms as a means of payment. And the fact that you can buy it on almost any exchange, including on large exchanges such as Binance, Bitfinex or Huobi, is not even worth talking about.Read more: Overview of the Huobi Global ExchangeBinance Coin (BNB)The Binance Coin cryptocurrency is an internal token of the Binance cryptocurrency exchange. It is used for conducting operations on the site: payment of commission when executing transactions, it is traded in pairs with all coins added to Binance, provides traders with additional opportunities for long-term storage of BNB. In addition, some services accept Binance tokens as a means of payment. It was originally created on the Ethereum blockchain according to the ERC-20 token standard. However, in the winter of 2019, Binance launched its own Binance Chain network, after which Binance Coin was transferred to the "native " blockchain.Over the past few months, the Binance Coin cryptocurrency has shown good growth, especially against the background of the prolonged crypto winter. This was facilitated by several events at once.First, Binance offered a new ICO model on its Binance Launchpad platform-IEO, where BNB was, if not the only coin for which you could buy tokens, then always one of several. In addition, on the Binance DEX decentralized exchange, the BNB coin will act as a "native" coin, just like on Binance. Among other things, the founders continue to regularly "burn" BNB tokens, which positively affects the price of Binance Coin. Looking at the BNB exchange rate chart, it is worth saying that Binance Coin is deservedly included in our TOP 10 cryptocurrencies, because its value has almost doubled over the past few weeks. In addition, the current price even exceeds the indicator of the winter of 2018, when absolutely all cryptocurrencies grew. Read more: What is an ICO? Tether (USDT)The Tether cryptocurrency is a coin that became the first stablecoin that gained popularity in the crypto world. The Realcoin project, launched in July 2014 by the vice president of the world-famous Starbucks company, marked the beginning of this coin. The idea was to create a cryptocurrency, the price of which would be pegged to the dollar exchange rate. However, this cryptocurrency was not in demand, and therefore a full rebranding was carried out a couple of months later. Immediately after that, Tether was added to one of the largest exchanges, Bitfinex. Tether is one of the most scandalous cryptocurrencies in the entire crypto world. The coin has earned this reputation from the very beginning. The creators said that Tether and the Bitfinex crypto exchange are not connected in any way, but later the Paradise Papers documents surfaced, which confirmed the connection between the companies.Another scandal is related to the fact that Tether Limited could not prove the security of tokens with fiat assets, since it never conducted open audits. And in the spring of 2019, information surfaced on the network that some of the coins are provided with bitcoin.Tether is a fully centralized cryptocurrency. The issue of tokens and verification of payments is handled by Tether Limited, and to work with tokens, you need to pass verification.However, despite all the disadvantages described above and the presence of promising competitors in the face of younger stablecoins, Tether still remains the leader in this category of cryptocurrencies. At the time of writing, the cost of one token is $1 with a capitalization of almost $3.4 billion. However, over the entire history of the coin's existence, its value has varied between $0.91- $1.06.Read more: What are Stablecoins and how do they differ from other cryptocurrenciesStellar (XLM)The next is Stellar, which was created under the slogan "people's cryptocurrency", in contrast to the XRP cryptocurrency, on the basis of which it was originally launched.To be more precise, Jed McCaleb, one of the founders of Ripple, left the project in 2014, deciding to launch his own crypto product. From the very beginning, the Stellar cryptocurrency worked on the Ripple blockchain, but in 2015 the team rebranded and transferred the coin to its own blockchain called the Stellar Consensus Protocol (SCP). The tokens also received a new name-Lumens.The creators did not conduct an ICO, but the project has a major investor - the Stripe company, which invested $3 million in Stellar. The coin confirmed its status as a "people's cryptocurrency" by the fact that, unlike Ripple, it made mining available to everyone. However, as a reward, nodes receive only small commissions, which does not greatly encourage users to become miners.The goal of creating the Stellar cryptocurrency is to create a network for fast and cheap payments that are accessible to ordinary users, and not banks, as in the case of Ripple. Regardless of the transfer amount, you need to pay a commission of 0.00001 XLM (~$0.00000126 at the exchange rate at the time of writing this article). One of the huge advantages of this coin is the support of fiat currencies, thanks to which you can make cheap transfers even to countries where there is no technical possibility to use cryptocurrencies.The Stellar protocol initially includes an annual inflation rate of 1%, so 1 billion new XLMs are issued every year.Read more: Causes of inflation and scientific approaches to their studyCardano (ADA)This is a new generation cryptocurrency, which the developers themselves position as "Blockchain 3.0". The idea of creating this coin belongs to one person named Chals Hoskins, but there are three companies behind the creation and development of Cardano — IOHK, Emurgo and the Cardano Foundation.Work on the Cardano cryptocurrency began back in 2015, but the coin was presented to the crypto world only in 2017. The development was carried out with the money raised through the ICO - a total of $63 million was raised after the sale of almost 60% of the tokens from the total amount of 45 billion ADA. Interestingly, 95% of all tokens at the ICO were purchased by Japanese investors. Cardano is not just a cryptocurrency for making payments in a decentralized environment, it is a whole ecosystem for creating dApps, conducting voting and many other functions. It is a direct competitor to Ethereum, but Cardano offers anonymity, higher speed of payments, advanced smart contracts. In addition, according to the developers, the cryptocurrency offers the user a higher level of security by working on the Ouroboros consensus algorithm — the first and so far the only protocol with mathematically proven security. In addition, according to the "roadmap", developers will implement algorithms for protection against quantum attack. But despite such innovative solutions and ambitious plans, Cardano is currently experiencing difficult times in the cryptocurrency market. The price of one coin is now $0.09 compared to the peak of $1.15 in January 2018. At the same time, the current capitalization is $ 2.35 billion: ...